What is the approximate population of Scheduled tribes in India according to Census 2011?

The correct answer is 10.42 crores.

Key Points

• According to Census 2011, the population of Scheduled Tribes in India was approximately 10.42 crores, which accounts for around 8.6% of the total population.
• Scheduled Tribes are recognized under Article 342 of the Indian Constitution for special provisions aimed at promoting their welfare and development.
• The highest concentration of Scheduled Tribes is found in states like Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Gujarat.
• Scheduled Tribes are primarily located in rural areas, with a significant proportion engaged in agriculture and forest-related activities.
• Census data is critical for framing policies related to the development and protection of tribal communities in India.

Additional Information

• Scheduled Tribes (STs)
  • Scheduled Tribes are indigenous communities recognized for their distinct cultural, social, and economic characteristics.
  • India has over 700 Scheduled Tribes, with specific tribes listed in the Schedule of the Constitution.
  • They are given special rights and protections under the Fifth and Sixth Schedules of the Indian Constitution.
  • Key tribes include Bhils, Santhals, Gonds, and Todas, among others.
• Tribal Welfare Programs
  • The government implements various schemes like Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana and Special Central Assistance to Tribal Sub-Schemes.
  • Efforts are made to promote education, healthcare, and employment opportunities among tribal communities.
  • Reservation in education and government jobs is provided to ensure equitable representation.
• Areas of Tribal Concentration
  • Tribal communities are concentrated in states like Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, and the Northeastern states.
  • Many tribes inhabit forested and hilly regions, preserving their unique traditions and lifestyles.
• Census Data Utility
  • Census data helps the government assess the socio-economic conditions of tribal communities.
  • It is utilized for targeted policy-making, ensuring inclusive development and protection of tribal rights.