Umbilical cord compression indicates which of the following conditions in a pregnant woman?

Question

Question

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AIIMS NORCET 7 Prelims Memory Based Paper 2024

Answer 1

Correct Answer: Variable deceleration

Rationale:

Umbilical cord compression refers to a situation during pregnancy where the umbilical cord becomes pressed or pinched, causing a reduction in blood flow and oxygen to the fetus. This can be detected through fetal heart rate patterns.
Variable deceleration is characterized by abrupt decreases in fetal heart rate below the baseline. These decelerations vary in duration, intensity, and timing, and often occur due to umbilical cord compression.
The variability in the heart rate deceleration is directly related to the intermittent nature of the compression and the subsequent reduction in blood flow.

Explanation of Other Options:

Early deceleration

Rationale: Early decelerations are gradual decreases in fetal heart rate that occur simultaneously with contractions. They mirror the contraction pattern and are usually a sign of head compression during labor, not umbilical cord compression.

Deceleration

Rationale: The term "deceleration" on its own is not specific enough to indicate the cause. It simply refers to a decrease in fetal heart rate. The type of deceleration (early, late, variable) provides more insight into the underlying cause.

Acceleration

Rationale: Acceleration is the opposite of deceleration. It refers to an increase in fetal heart rate above the baseline. Accelerations are typically a sign of fetal well-being and are not associated with umbilical cord compression.

Conclusion:

Among the given options, variable deceleration is the specific heart rate pattern that indicates umbilical cord compression. Recognizing these patterns is crucial for timely intervention to ensure the health and safety of both the mother and the fetus.