Responses that lead organisms to get rid of painful stimuli or avoid and escape from them, provide which type of reinforcement?

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UTET-II 2021 Maths & Science (Hindi-English-Sanskrit)
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  1. Positive reinforcement
  2. Negative reinforcement
  3. Delayed reinforcement
  4. Partial reinforcement

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Negative reinforcement
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Reinforcement is a core idea in operant conditioning, with the primary goal of strengthening or increasing the rate of behaviour. Reinforcement uses a stimulus, known as a reinforcer, to help increase particular behaviors.

Key Points

Positive Reinforcement: 
  • Positive reinforcement involves stimuli that have pleasant consequences. They strengthen and maintain the responses that have caused them to occur. Positive reinforcers satisfy needs, which include food, water, medals, praise, money, status, information, etc. 
Negative Reinforcement: 
  • Negative reinforcement involves unpleasant and painful stimuli. Responses that lead organisms to get rid of painful stimuli or avoid and escape from them provide negative reinforcement. Thus, negative reinforcement leads to the learning of avoidance and escape responses. For instance, one learns to put on woolen clothes, burn firewood or use electric heaters to avoid the unpleasant cold weather. One learns to move away from dangerous stimuli because they provide negative reinforcement. 
Delayed Reinforcement: 
  • Delays in reinforcement occurrence have a significant impact on its effectiveness. It has been discovered that delayed reinforcement results in lower performance levels. 
Partial Reinforcement: 
  • Partial reinforcement, as opposed to continuous reinforcement, only reinforces the behavior at specific intervals or ratios of time, rather than reinforcing it every time.

Hence, we can conclude that responses that lead organisms to get rid of painful stimuli or avoid and escape from them, provide the negative type of reinforcement. 

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