Robot Classification and Specification MCQ Quiz in मराठी - Objective Question with Answer for Robot Classification and Specification - मोफत PDF डाउनलोड करा

Concept:

Manipulator joints in robots are given below,

Translational motion:

Linear joint (L)

Orthogonal joint (O)

Rotary motion:

Rotational joint (R)

Twisting joint (T)

Rotary joint (V)

All the diagrams are given in the order of the names mentioned above.

From the above diagrams, it is clear that the angle between the input link axis and the output link axis changes only in the Rotational Joint (R).

In the twisting joint (T), both the axes are collinear all the time.

In the Rotary joint (V), both the axes are always perpendicualr.

In the orthogonal joint (O), the angle between them is always 90°.

Concept:

Robot Repeatability:

• It is the ability of the robot to reposition itself to a position to which it was previously commanded or trained.
• Repeatability and accuracy are similar, however, they define slightly different performance concepts.
• It is a statistical term that is widely used in Robotics which associates the accuracy of robots in action.
• Robot Repeatability is a measure of the ability of the robot to position the tool-tip in the same place again and again.
• Repeatability is doing the same task over and over again, while accuracy is hitting your target each time, and also it does not describe the error with respect to absolute coordinates.

Explanation:

6-DOF Robotic Arm

• A 6-DOF (Degrees of Freedom) robotic arm is a type of robotic manipulator that has six independent movements or axes.
• These movements typically include three translational movements (along the X, Y, and Z axes) and three rotational movements (Yaw, Pitch, and Roll).
• This configuration allows the robotic arm to position its end-effector in a three-dimensional space and orient it in any desired direction.
• The 6-DOF robotic arm operates using a combination of its six joints to achieve precise positioning and orientation of its end-effector.
• The translational movements allow the arm to reach different points in space, while the rotational movements enable the end-effector to assume various orientations.
• This combination of movements is crucial for tasks that require both accurate positioning and specific orientation, such as assembly, welding, or picking and placing objects.

Advantages:

• High flexibility and versatility in performing complex tasks.
• Ability to reach and manipulate objects in a three-dimensional space with precise control.

Disadvantages:

• Increased mechanical complexity due to the higher number of joints and actuators.
• Greater computational and control requirements to manage the multiple degrees of freedom.

Applications: 6-DOF robotic arms are widely used in various industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, and research. They are essential for tasks that require high precision and flexibility, such as automated assembly lines, surgical procedures, and laboratory automation.

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• Industrial Robotics:
  • It is an “automatically controlled, reprogrammable multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes”, which can be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.
  • An industrial robot is a robot system used for manufacturing. Industrial robots are automated, programmable and capable of movement on three or more axes.
  • Objectives of Industrial Robots:
    • ​to minimize the labour requirement
    • to increase the productivity
    • to enhance the life of production machines
  • Typical applications of industrial robots include welding, painting, assembly, disassembly, pick and place for printed circuit boards, packaging and labeling, palletizing, product inspection, and testing; all accomplished with high endurance, speed, and precision. They can assist in material handling.

Concept:

Robot with jointed arm configuration for 3 DOF-robot carries all its joints as revolute.

It can be TRR, VRR, and other combinations of T, R, and V.

The various configurations and types are mentioned below in the table:

Concept:

Control resolution is the controller's ability to divide the total range of movement for the particular joint into individual increments that can be addressed in the controller.

Control resolution of a robot is given by 

\(\rm {{Control\;resolution}} = \dfrac{{stroke\;length}}{{{2^n}}}\)

Where n - number of bits  (of the controller);

Calculation:

Given:

Stroke length = 2m = 2000 mm, 16-bit architecture - n = 16

\(\rm \therefore {{Control\;resolution\;}} = {{\;}}\dfrac{{2000}}{{{2^{16}}}}\)

Cylindrical Configuration:

This kind of robots incorporates a slide in the horizontal position and a column in the vertical position. It also includes a robot arm at the end of the slide. Here, the slide is capable of moving in up & down motion with the help of the column. In addition, it can reach the work space in a rotary movement as like a cylinder.

• Cylindrical – 2 linear, 1 rotary

Advantages:

• Increased rigidity, and
• Capacity of carrying high payloads.

Disadvantages:

• Floor space required is more, and
• Less work volume.

Explanation:

• The medical applications of robotics include Nanorobotics, swarm robotics, also surgeries and operations using the knowledge of robotics.
• Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the scale of a
• nanometer (10-9 meters).
• Nanorobots (nanobots or nanoids) are typically devices ranging in size from 0.1-10 micrometers and constructed of nanoscale or molecular components. As no artificial non-biological nanorobots have so far been created, they remain a hypothetical concept at this time
• Swarm robotics is a new approach to the coordination of multi-robot systems, which consist of large numbers of relatively simple physical robots.
• A potential application for swarm robotics includes tasks that demand extreme miniaturization (Nanorobotics, microbotics), on the one hand, as for instance distributed sensing tasks in micro machinery or the human body.
• On the other hand, swarm robotics is suited to tasks that demand extremely cheap designs, for instance, a mining task, or an agricultural foraging task.

Concept:

The Three Laws of Robotics (often shortened to The Three Laws or known as Asimov's Laws) are a set of rules devised by science fiction author Isaac Asimov.

Asimov proposed three Laws of Robotics and later added the zeroth law

Law 0:

A robot may not injure humanity or through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm

Law 1:

A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm unless this would violate higher-order law

Law 2:

A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher-order law

Law 3:

A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher-order law

From the explanation, statements 1,2, and 4 are correct.

For statement 3, a robot should not protect its own existence if it clashes with higher-order law (0,1 and 2 laws)