Which of the following statements is equivalent to the following statement - "All philosophers are non- conservatives?"

Key Points

• The statement "All philosophers are non-conservatives" means that there are no philosophers who are also conservatives. This is equivalent to the statement "No philosophers are conservatives."
• The other statements are not equivalent to the original statement. Statement 1, "Some philosophers are not conservatives," is true, but it does not mean that all philosophers are non-conservatives.
• Statement 3, "Some philosophers are conservatives," is false, because the original statement says that there are no philosophers who are also conservatives.
• Statement 4, "All non-conservatives are philosophers," is also false, because there are people who are not conservatives who are not philosophers.

So the answer is 2) No philosophers are conservatives.