Question
Download Solution PDFThe emblem inscribed on the flag of the Chera king is
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Key PointsRoyal Insignia
Sceptre (kŌl), drum (murasu) and white umbrella (venkudai) were used as the symbols of royal authority.
| Muvendar | Garland | Port | Capital | Symbols |
| Cheras | Palmyra flower | Muziri / Tondi | Vanchi / Karur | Bow and arrow |
| Cholas | Fig (Athi) lower | Puhar | Uraiyur / Puhar | Tiger |
| Pandyas | Margosa (neem) flower |
Korkai | Madurai | Two Fish |
Additional Information:
- Muvendars (Three Great Kings) controlled the territories of Tamizhagam during the Sangam Age.
- The Tamil word ‘Vendar’ was used to refer to three dynasties, namely the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas.
Cheras:
- The Cheras ruled over the central and north Travancore, Cochin, south Malabar and Kongu region of Tamil Nadu.
Cholas:
- The Chola kingdom of Sangam period extended upto Venkatam (Tirupathi) hills.
- The Kaveri delta region remained the central part of the kingdom.
- This area was later known as Cholamandalam.
Pandyas:
- The Pandyas ruled the present day southern Tamil Nadu.
- The Pandya kings patronized the Tamil poets and scholars.
- Several names of Pandya kings are mentioned in the Sangam literature.
The Titles Assumed by the Muvendars:
| Chera Rulers | Chola Rulers | Pandya Rulers |
| Adhavan | Senni | Maran |
| Kuttuvan | Sembiyan | Valuthi |
| Vanavan | Killi | Sezhiyan |
| Irumporai | Valavan | Tennar |
Last updated on Apr 25, 2025
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