Dipole moment is maximum in:

Question

Question

This question was previously asked in

DSSSB PGT Chemistry (Female) Official Paper (Held On: 06 Jul, 2018 Shift 1)

Answer 1

CONCEPT:

Dipole Moment

The dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule.
It arises due to the electronegativity difference between bonded atoms and is given by the formula:
Dipole Moment (μ) = Charge (Q) × Distance (d)
A larger electronegativity difference leads to a higher dipole moment.

EXPLANATION:

In the given options:
- HI, HBr, HCl, and HF are polar molecules formed by the bond between hydrogen and halogen atoms.
- The electronegativity of the halogens increases in the order: I < Br < Cl < F.
Dipole moment depends on both the electronegativity difference and the bond length. While fluorine has the highest electronegativity, HF also has the shortest bond length among the given molecules.
Despite the shorter bond length, HF has the highest dipole moment because the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and fluorine is significantly higher compared to the other molecules.

Therefore, HF has the maximum dipole moment, and the correct answer is Option 4.