Adolescent MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Adolescent - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

Development refers to functional or non-organic changes and is usually qualitative.

Key Points

• The word adolescence is derived from the Latin word 'adolescere' meaning 'to grow up' or 'to mature'. 
• It is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood that involves a number of changes in body and mind.
• Stanely Hall defines adolescence as the period of 'stress and storm'.
• World Health Organization defines adolescence as a phase of life between 10-19 years of age characterized by physical growth, emotional, psychosocial, and behavioral changes, thus, bringing about transformation from childhood to adulthood.

Important Points

Characteristics of adolescence:

• ​Physical appearance decides self-image
• Self-discovery
• Desire for independence and prove their identity
• Egocentrism
• Emotionally unstable
• Curiosity and experimentation
• Peer influence outweighs parental affection
• Changing the focus of the relationship
• Desired to be considered as an asset rather than a problem

Hence, we can conclude that adolescence refers to the period of 'stress and storm'.

The developmental stage between childhood and adulthood is known as adolescence. During adolescence, physical changes take place very fast. Development takes place in other areas as well. The expectations of parents and other adults change.

Key Points

•  Early-maturing adolescents who feel they are getting too fat might stop eating the recommended amounts of food.
• Others might believe that no one cares about them, so they start overeating and gaining weight in an effort to be noticed.
• While others become overly sensitive and vomit when reprimanded or under stress.

Thus, we conclude that undereating, overeating, and vomiting are eating disorders in adolescents.

Child development refers to biological and psychological changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progress from dependency to increasing independence.

Key PointsThe development of a child takes place through various stages. Although each stage has an encompassing relationship to other stages, it has its own unique characteristic needs and demands. The stages are the Prenatal period, Infancy period, Childhood, and Adolescence.

Adolescence:

• World Health Organization defines adolescence as a phase of life between 10-19 years of age.
• The most important change that takes place during adolescence is sexual maturity which occurs at puberty.
• Stanely Hall termed adolescence as the stage full of 'storm and stress'.
• By adolescence, the mechanism of moral code should be developed. 
• Morality must be rooted in internal control and not external agencies such as fear, punishment, and social consequences.
• The child develops the idea of honesty, empathy, etc. at this stage.
• Making friends and adjusting to new social situations in school, search for careers are learned during this time.

Hence, we can conclude that child develops the idea of honesty, empathy, etc. in adolescence.

Key Points

Adolescence Education Program: 

• The Adolescence Education Programme was upscaled and launched in 2005 as a key mainstreaming initiative by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), in collaboration with NACO in all the government schools in the country for the students of higher secondary. 
• Adolescence Education Program (AEP) focused on enhancing life skills among adolescents to enable them to respond to real-life situations effectively.
• The AEP aims at providing adolescents with age-appropriate information on the process of growing up during adolescence, HIV and AIDS, STI, and substance abuse. It focuses on the development of life skills as the most effective way to cope with the challenges of adolescence, thus striving to curtail the spread of the infections such as HIV and reduce the instances of substance abuse and other risky behaviors. 
• The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 that guides the school curriculum across the country recognizes Adolescence Education as an important area in school education. Furthermore, the framework also outlines that rather than a stand-alone program, the AEP should become an integral part of school education.
• Adolescence Education Programme has so far focused only on secondary and higher secondary stages.

Hence, we can conclude that Adolescence Education Program (AEC) is an initiative by MHRD.

Additional Information

The endocrine system

• The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs.
• It uses hormones to control and coordinate our body's metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and mood.
•  Well, harmonized mechanisms regulate the release of very precise quantities of hormones to achieve optimal functioning of the human body.
• The endocrine system is responsible for the chemical coordination in our body.​

Key Points

Pituitary Gland :

• This is a small gland located at the base of the brain. This gland plays an important role in the growth of a child from puberty to full reproductive maturity.
• The pituitary gland secretes Gonad Stimulating Hormone, which regulates the activity of gonads (ovary in females and testis in males).
• There is an increase in the activity of this gland at the time of puberty which stimulates the ovary and testes to produce the sex hormones progesterone and estrogen in females and testosterone in males.
• These hormones initiate the development of secondary sexual characters. 

Thus, the Pituitary gland is mainly responsible for growth in adolescence.

Additional InformationThyroid Gland:

• It is responsible for the speed of metabolism in our body.
• The thyroid gland is therefore essential for life, growth, and development.
• When the thyroid gland becomes overactive and produces more thyroid hormone than is necessary for optimal functioning, the condition is called Hyperthyroidism.
• The condition is called hypothyroidism when the thyroid gland becomes underactive and produces less thyroid hormone than is necessary.

Endocrine Gland:

• Our body undergoes changes as long as we live.
• Special glands regulate these changes in our body known as the endocrine glands.
• The primary function of these glands is to produce chemical secretions called hormones.
• Hormones play an important role in the control, coordination, and regulation of the functioning of tissues, organs, and systems in the body.

Adrenal Gland :

• Adrenal glands, also known as suprarenal glands, are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of both kidneys.
• Adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress, and other essential functions.

Developmental stages refer to distinct periods or phases of growth and change that individuals go through from birth to adulthood.

Key Points

• Adolescence is a period of significant physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional changes that typically occurs between childhood and adulthood.
• During this stage, individuals grapple with questions about their personal identity, values, beliefs, and future aspirations. They engage in abstract thinking, develop a sense of self, and strive for autonomy and independence.
• This stage is often marked by increased self-awareness, exploration of different roles and possibilities, and the formation of a personal identity.

Thus, it is concluded that the stage of development characterized by dealing with issues of finding one's own identity and abstract thinking is adolescence.

Hint

•  Infancy: This stage spans from birth to around 2 years of age. Infants experience rapid growth and development, acquiring basic motor skills, language development, and social interaction.
• Early Childhood: This stage typically ranges from 2 to 6 years of age. Children continue to refine their motor skills, language abilities, and cognitive development. They also begin to develop more independence and engage in imaginative play.
• Middle Childhood: Also known as the school-age stage, it generally covers ages 6 to 12. During this period, children experience significant cognitive development, expand their social skills, and engage in formal education.

Adolescence is a phase of life between 12-19 years of age characterized by physical growth, and emotional, psychosocial, and behavioral changes, thus, bringing about transformation from childhood to adulthood.

Key Points The changes that take place during the adolescence period include-

• Physical Changes-
  • Growth spurt occurs
  • Change in bodily proportion
  • Increase in muscular strength.
  • Development of secondary sex symptoms.
• Emotional and Social Changes - include behavioral changes due to emotional and social changes happening in their body and mind such as  Emotional instability, Preoccupied with body image, frequent mood changes, etc.

Hence we conclude that it is incorrect to say that during adolescent development, Bodily proportion has no change.

The term 'adolescence' has a Latin origin. It is derived from the verb adolescere, which means "to grow into adulthood" or "to achieve maturity". 

Key Points

• For the best and all-around development of mental powers in adolescence, a proper education system should be made.
• Adolescence Education aims to provide young people with accurate, age-appropriate, and culturally relevant information; promote healthy attitudes and develop skills to enable them to respond to real-life situations effectively.
• Adolescents are able to control their emotions only through adolescent education.
• Adolescence is called the stage of storm, so the goal of adolescence education is to guide adolescents on the path of progress by showing them the right path.
• In adolescence, students are worried about careers, so the goal of education in adolescence is to identify the qualities of students and show them the right path.

Hence, we can conclude that adolescent Education aims to provide young people with accurate, age-appropriate, and culturally relevant information; promote healthy attitudes, and develop skills to enable them to respond to real-life situations effectively.

Stages of development:- Developmental influences cover a range of behaviors and transformations in a child's faculties and personalities. Social norms, institutions, customs, and laws also influence these stages.

• Infancy (birth to 18 months)
• Early childhood(2 to 3 years)
• Preschool(3 to 5 years)
• School-age or Pre Adolescence(6 to 11 years)
• Adolescence(12 to 18 years)

Key PointsEmotional instability presents with a changeable mood. You could be feeling happy and energetic one minute, but then small things like a comment made by someone or something not going as planned can result in a sudden, and sometimes quite catastrophic, drop in mood.

Important Points Adolescence is an important period for cognitive development, marking a transition in ways of thinking and reasoning about problems and ideas. It is the age between 12 to 18 years. 

• According to Hall adolescence is inherently a time of “storm and stress” when all young people go through some degree of emotional and behavioral upheaval before establishing a more stable equilibrium in adulthood.
• To create a personal identity based on the integration of values and a sense of self, the adolescent must establish an identity in relation to society, the opposite sex, ideas, the future, possible vocations, and the universe.
• The establishment of independence. This can create tension with the family over limits, values, responsibilities, friends, and plans for the future. 
• Emotional disorders commonly emerge during adolescence. In addition to depression or anxiety, adolescents with emotional disorders can also experience excessive irritability, frustration, or anger. 
• It is a time of physical, social, and emotional changes.
• Individuals are more emotional and more sensitive. 

Thus, it is concluded that adolescence is the stage where emotional instability is most commonly found.

The 'Vanishing Adolescent' is the work of  Edgar Z. Friedenberg.

Key Points

• The word adolescence is derived from the Latin word “adolescere” meaning “to grow up” or “to mature.” It is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood that involves a number of changes in body and mind.
• The Vanishing Adolescent is a 1959 book-length essay by Edgar Z. Friedenberg that describes changes in American youth's sociological experience of adolescence. The volume was reprinted ten times and translated into multiple languages.

Hence, we can conclude that the 'Vanishing Adolescent' is the work of Edgar Z. Friedenberg.

Hint

• Kurt Lewin: Cognitive-field theory 
• Albert Bandura: Social Learning Theory

Additional Information

• Adolescence is a phase of the life of a person when he is no more a child and not yet an adult.
• Life is full of tremendous energy. Curiosity and experimentation at one time pave the path to success and at other, may cause uncertainty.
• This is a critical time in life because the experiences, knowledge, and skills acquired in adolescence have important implications in adulthood.