Memory & Forgetting MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Memory & Forgetting - Download Free PDF

Improving long-term retention of concepts in students requires teaching strategies that make learning meaningful and relatable. When students can connect new information to their own lives or experiences, they are more likely to understand and remember it deeply. This connection helps build stronger mental links and makes learning more engaging.

Key Points

•  Using stories and examples that relate to students’ everyday experiences creates context around abstract ideas, allowing students to see the relevance and application of what they learn.
• This approach encourages active thinking and helps transfer knowledge to new situations.

Hint

• Repeating facts without connections tends to be rote and may not foster true understanding.
• Presenting information rapidly without allowing time for reflection can overwhelm students and reduce retention.
• Memorizing isolated definitions without applying them limits deeper comprehension and the ability to use knowledge meaningfully.

Hence, the correct answer is using stories and examples that relate to students’ everyday experiences.

The process of memory involves several key stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the first and most essential step, as it involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored in the brain.

Key Points

• Attention is the process that allows us to focus on specific information from the environment, making it possible to encode that information into memory.
• Without attention, incoming sensory data may never reach conscious awareness or be transferred to short-term or long-term memory.
• For example, a student who is paying attention during a lesson is more likely to remember key points later.
• Attention acts as a gateway for learning, enabling the brain to prioritize and process meaningful information while ignoring irrelevant stimuli.

Hint

•  Retrieval refers to the process of accessing stored information from memory, not the initial focusing needed for encoding.
• Forgetting is the loss of stored information over time and does not aid in encoding.
• Decay is a theory that explains how memory traces fade over time if not used, which also relates to memory loss rather than focusing or encoding.

Hence, the correct answer is attention.

Forgetting is the process by which information or experiences that have been previously learned or encoded into memory become inaccessible or are lost over time. 

Key Points

Characteristics of Forgetting:

• Forgetting is an important process - This is correct. Forgetting can help in clearing out unnecessary information and making space for more relevant data.
• In order to improve memory, many things should be forgotten - This is correct. Filtering out irrelevant or less important information can enhance memory by focusing on key concepts.
• High retention, less forgetting - This is correct. Information that is well retained is less likely to be forgotten because it is effectively encoded and stored in memory.

Hint

• Less retention, less forgetting - This is incorrect. Typically, if information is less retained, there is often more forgetting because the information was not well encoded or stored in memory.

Hence, the correct answer is 'less retention, less forgetting'.

Memory is a crucial component of human intelligence, allowing individuals to retain, retrieve, and apply information. It plays a fundamental role in learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.  Key Points

• Memory is primarily related to cognitive development, as it involves processes such as encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.
• Cognitive development, as explained by psychologists like Jean Piaget, focuses on how thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving abilities evolve over time.
• Memory is a fundamental cognitive function that supports learning, decision-making, and the application of knowledge in everyday life.

Thus, it is concluded that Memory mental Ability is related to  cognitive.

Hint

•  Mental development includes emotional and social aspects, it is a broader term that does not specifically define memory-related processes.
• Creative development is associated with imagination and originality rather than memory retention. 

Memory is the cognitive process by which information is encoded, stored, and later retrieved. It enables individuals to retain and recall past experiences, knowledge, and skills. Memory is essential for learning, decision-making, and everyday functioning.

Key Points

• When studying a subject that involves understanding correlations, causal relationships, and deep connections within the material, the type of memory formed is logical memory.
• This is because the information is processed in a meaningful way, where concepts are understood and organized based on logic, reasoning, and relationships between ideas.
• Logical memory involves understanding the "why" and "how" behind facts, which helps retain the information over time.

Hint

• Mechanical memory: Refers to rote memorization without understanding the underlying logic.
• Immediate memory: Refers to short-term recall of information.
• Clear memory: Refers to a sharp and vivid recollection, but this term is not commonly used in this context.

Hence, the correct type of memory in the given case is logical memory.

Memory refers to the ability to retain information and reproduce it over a period of time when required to perform a cognitive task. It has been conceptualized as a process comprised of three stages: (i) encoding, (ii) storage, and (iii) retrieval.

Key Points 

• Long-Term Memory (LTM):  It refers to the memory system for the retention of large amounts of information for long periods of time. It is the memory system that permits us to remember events that happened many years ago, yesterday, last year, and so on. It is the long-term memory that allows us to remember factual information making it possible for us to learn different subjects, appear for examinations, and communicate with others. It brings continuity and meaning to our life.
• The memories recalled when riding a bike, folding laundry, and experiencing climbing a tree are long-term memories, also known as "muscle memories" and "Immediate Memory".

Thus, it is concluded the information related to the procedure of riding a bike, folding laundry, and experience of climbing a tree as a 7-year-old is stored in long-term memory.

Additional Information

• Short-Term Memory: This is also known as working memory. William James referred it as primary memory. Here, the information is kept for 20 to 30 seconds. The information that is attended to, is processed here in a rehearsal buffer and repeated again and again. It has a very limited capacity to store information.
• Sensory memory, which is also known as ‘fleeting memory’ or immediate memory, sometimes, is closely related to the process of perception. It is responsible for keeping a record of our percept for a very brief period of time.
• Working Memory: Working memory is the small amount of information that can be held in mind and used in the execution of cognitive tasks, in contrast with long-term memory, the vast amount of information saved in one's life. 

Memory can be defined as a perceptually active mental system that receives, encodes, modifies, and retrieves information. Memory refers to the set of processes involved in storing information. This specific process is termed as retention, It can be studied indirectly by measuring retention.

• Three basic methods of measuring retention are Recall, Recognition, and Relearning.

Key PointsStages of Memory :

• Sensory memory, which is also known as ‘fleeting memory’ sometimes, is closely related to the process of perception. It is responsible for keeping a record of our percept for a very brief period of time.
• STM (Short Term Memory): This system also holds information for a short duration of time. Studies have suggested that it can hold information for up to 30 seconds. Tasks such as dialing a phone number manually or writing in a dictation.
• LTM (Long Term Memory): It has been considered a storehouse of all kinds of memories. You can remember things from last evening to your childhood due to this system of memory.

Hence, working memory is not a system of memory according to the stage model of memory.

Hint

•  Working memory: Working memory can be defined as “a limited-capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of inform
• ation for complex tasks such as comprehension, learning, and reasoning”

Autobiographical memory is a memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life, based on a combination of episodic (personal experiences and specific objects, people and events experienced at particular time and place) and semantic (general knowledge and facts about the world) memory. Key Points

• It refers to our memory for specific episodes, episodic memory, and to our conceptual, generic, and schematic knowledge of our lives, autobiographical knowledge.
• Autobiographical memory retrieval involves constructing mental representations of personal past episodes by associating together an array of details related to the retrieved event.
• This construction process occurs flexibly so that the event details can be associated together in different ways during retrieval.

Hence, we can conclude that autobiographical memory having the specific events in one’s own life.

Memory is defined as a cognitive system for storing and retrieving information. The memory has three main stages – acquisition, retention and retrieval.

• To remember, one must first have learned something and the relevant experience left some enduring record in the nervous system, the memory trace. During retention the information is filed away for later use.
• Retrieval is a point at which one tries to remember. Many failures to remember are failures of retrieval and not of storage. 

Key Points

• Generic memory is memory for items of knowledge, independent of particular occasion in which we learned them, such as capital of India, multiplication of 3 × 4 and so on. It is the memory that produces scripts of familiar routines.

• Episodic memory is associated with our experiences or life events is called as episodic memory. It is used to recall past events, such as, how did you celebrate your last birthday? What did you eat at today’s breakfast?

Hence, we can conclude that generic memory that produces scripts of familiar routines.

Repression is a psychological defense mechanism in which unpleasant thoughts or memories are pushed from the conscious mind. Repressed memory occurs when trauma is too severe to be kept in conscious memory and is removed by repression or dissociation or both. At some later time, it may be recalled, often under innocuous circumstances, and reappears in conscious memory. Key Points

• This is the basic defense mechanism that banishes consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.
• It is a defense mechanism whereby unpleasure-provoking mental processes, such as morally disagreeable impulses and painful memories, are actively prevented from entering conscious awareness.
• When the brain creates memories in a certain mood or state, particularly of stress or trauma, those memories become inaccessible in a normal state of consciousness.
• While the individual may have no conscious awareness of the repressed memory, that memory will still affect conscious behavior.

Hence, we can conclude that option 3 is correct, Repression is an unconscious process of forgetting.

The learning process is influenced by various factors that play a significant role in shaping an individual's educational journey. These factors impact how individuals acquire, retain, and apply knowledge. 

Key PointsAmong the given options, one stands out as not directly affecting the learning process. Let's explore this in detail.

• Intelligence: Cognitive abilities, problem-solving skills, and memory contribute to how an individual processes information.
• Interest: Personal engagement and curiosity impact the level of motivation and attention given to the learning material.
• Readiness: The preparedness of an individual, both emotionally and intellectually, to grasp new concepts and skills.

While objective setting is an essential aspect of education and goal attainment, it is not a factor that directly affects the learning process.

Memory refers to the ability to retain information and reproduce it over some time when required to perform a cognitive task.

It has been conceptualized as a process comprised of three stages;

(i) encoding, (ii) storage, and (iii) retrieval.

Key Points

Memory in a system is the electronic holding place (storage). Memory is used to store not only the data but also the programs. The memory of a computer is divided into many similar cells or locations, each of which is individually addressable.

Long-Term Memory

• It is long-term memory (LTM) through which you perform many activities in life and adapt to different situations. It is LTM to which you refer when you speak, read, recognize faces, play football and suddenly remember where you put the key to the room that you could not find before.
• The information is stored for a short period and then gets deleted. Therefore, it is also called inactive memory.

Additional Information

Sensory Memory

• This receives information from the various sensory receptors in the environment. Here, the information is held for a very brief period, perhaps a few seconds.

Short-Term Memory

• Some memory holds information for fairly short intervals – say up to a minute and this is known as short-term memory.

Hence, we can conclude that Long-term memory is the correct answer.

Sleep is a reversible state of reduced awareness of and responsiveness to the environment.

Sleep serves multiple purposes including energy conservation, restoration of cellular energy stores, emotional regulation, consolidation of memory, discharge of emotions, brain growth, and other various biological functions including maintenance of immune systems.

Key Points

Sleep terror disorder occurs during deep Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep.

• Typically, patients sit up in bed with a frightened expression, scream loudly, and sometimes awaken immediately with a sense of intense terror. However, there is little, if any, recollection of the episode the next morning. 

Statement I - Sleep terror memory persists for 2 days.

• It lasts from a few seconds to certain minutes.
• It is a wrong statement.

Statement II - Persistent nightmares signal excessive stress.

• Nightmare  - It is a disturbing dream which is associated with the negative feelings of fear or anxiety that awakens the individual
  • Persistent nightmares can cause anxiety, and stress and lead to a depressed state as well.
  • Medication can help in controlling the frequency of nightmares.

Hence, we can conclude that only statement II is true.

Implicit Memory: The information people don't purposely try to remember gets stored in implicit memory, which is also sometimes referred to as unconscious or automatic memory. This kind of memory is both unconscious and unintentional.

Key Points

Implicit memories are usually non-conscious and not verbally articulated. It is often procedural and focused on the step-by-step processes that must be performed in order to complete a task. 

• Procedural memories, such as how to perform a specific task like swinging a baseball bat or making toast, are one type of implicit memory.
• It does not involve steps to be recalled.
• In this memory, the early form of conditioning does not appear to depend on the striatum.

Hence, neither I nor II is correct in the context of Implicit memory. Option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional InformationExplicit Memory: When we try to remember something intentionally, this information is stored in our explicit memory. People use these memories every day, from remembering information for a test to recalling the date and time of a doctor's appointment. It is also known as declarative memory it is consciously recognized and explained.

Types of Explicit Memory:

Memory refers to the set of processes involved in storing information. This specific process is termed as retention. Memory can be defined as a perceptually active mental
system that receives, encodes, modifies, and retrieves information. Key Points

• Short term memory holds information for a short
  duration of time. It's storage capacity is very limited.
• Studies have suggested that it can hold information for up to 30 seconds. Tasks such as dialing a phone number manually or writing in a dictation.
• Long term memory is considered as a storehouse of all kinds of memories. It's storage capacity is unlimited.
• It is the long-term memory that allows us to remember factual information making it possible for us to learn different subjects, appear for examinations and
  communicate with others. It brings continuity and meaning to our life.

Hence short term memory's storage capacity is limited and its maximum duration is 20 to 30 seconds.