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Home / IAS Preparation / National Ganga Council

National Ganga Council (NGC): UPSC Notes

Last Updated on Jun 23, 2023
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National Ganga Council was established in October 2016 under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986. It is headed by the Prime Minister of India. This Council is responsible for controlling pollution and revitalizing the Ganga River Basin, which includes the Ganga River and its tributaries. The Council is also responsible for various government projects or schemes aimed at cleaning up the Ganga. 

The “National Ganga Council” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS examination, which falls under the General Studies Paper 3 and particularly under the Environment and Ecology section with our UPSC Online Coaching. In this article, we shall discuss the NGC, its composition, its function meeting, and also the National Mission for Clean Ganga.

राष्ट्रीय गंगा परिषद (NGC) के बारे में हिंदी भाषा में जानें!

National Ganga Council- Download PDF here!

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National Ganga Council (NGC)

The National Ganga Council (NGC) is the “National Council for Rejuvenation, Protection, and Management of river Ganga”. NGC was formed under the River Ganga Rejuvenation, Protection, and Management Authorities Order 2016. The order dissolved the National Ganga River Basin (NGRBA) and replaced it with the NGC. The NGC was formed under the Environment (Protection) Act EPA, 1986. This Council has been given the responsibility of preventing pollution and rejuvenating the Ganga River Basin, which includes the River Ganga and its tributaries. Its jurisdiction includes the Ganga river basin states of Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Haryana, Jharkhand, and Delhi-NCR as well as many States in addition to large Ganga tributaries. It is mainly responsible for the implementation of the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG).

Also, check out the Himalayas and peninsular rivers here.

National Ganga Council Composition

The given below are the following members of the NGC:

  • Prime Minister – Chairperson
  • Union Minister for Jal Shakti – Vice-Chairperson
  • Union Minister for Environment, Forests, and Climate Change
  • Union Minister for Finance
  • Union Minister for Power
  • Union Minister for Housing and Urban Affairs
  • Union Minister for Science and Technology
  • Union Minister for Rural Development
  • Union Minister of State for Tourism
  • Union Minister for Shipping
  • Vice-Chairman, NITI AAYOG
  • Chief Minister, Jharkhand
  • Chief Minister, Bihar
  • Chief Minister, Uttarakhand
  • Chief Minister, Uttar Pradesh
  • Chief Minister, West Bengal
  • Secretary, Department of Water Resources, River Development, and Ganga Rejuvenation
  • Secretary, Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation
  • Secretary, Department of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare
  • Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
  • Director-General, National Mission for Clean Ganga

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Objectives Of the National Ganga Council (NGC)

The aims and objectives of the NGC are given below:

  • NGC ensures effective control of pollution and the Rejuvenation of the River Ganga by adopting a River Basin approach to promote intersectoral coordination for comprehensive planning and management.
  • It also maintains the minimum ecological flows in the River Ganga with the objective of ensuring water quality and environmentally sustainable development.

Check out the article on Natural Vegetation in India here for the UPSC Exam

Functions Of The National Ganga Council (NGC)

The functions of the National Ganga Council are given below:

  • It is responsible for the implementation of activities under the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA), which is also backed by the World Bank.
  • It also coordinates and implements initiatives of the Indian government and the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development, and Ganga Rejuvenation.
  • It takes all appropriate actions that are consistent with the National Mission for Clean Ganga Council (NMCG) goals.
  • NGC also has a responsibility to create and modify the regulations that govern the operation of NMCG.
  • It accounts for and distributes grants, money, loan security, or property that must be managed and maintained.
  • NGC coordinates and implements the Government of India and the Ministry of Water Resources, river development, and the Ganga rejuvenation initiative.

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Jurisdiction Of The NGC

The jurisdiction of the National Ganga Council (NGC) shall extend to the state which consists of the River Ganga basin, namely Himachal Pradesh, U.P, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Haryana and the Delhi-NCR and any other states which have major tributaries of the river Ganga.

Also, read the Kyoto Protocol for UPSC CSE Exam.

National Ganga Council: First Meeting

The first meeting of the National Ganga Council was chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi that took place in December 2019. In the first National Ganga council meeting, West Bengal, Jharkhand did not participate. The meeting focused on gaining public support for a better Ganga framework. Here are the highlights of the first meeting of the NGC;

  • This meeting focuses on the creation of such infrastructure that would help to tap the “hybrid” tourism potential of the river basin area.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi discussed how all the districts that border the Ganga River should be made a focus area for monitoring efforts under the Namami Gange.
  • Digital Dashboard was to be created when data from the villages and the urban local bodies were supervised by the Niti Aayog and the Jal Shakti ministry.
  • Rs 20 crores were committed to the 5 states in which the river Ganga passes from the year 2015 to 2020.
  • Rs 7700 crores were spent on establishing the new Sewage treatment plants.
  • This meeting also focused on the improvement of District Ganga Committees in all the Districts.
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi also earn for a holistic thinking process where the ‘Namami Gange’ evolves to ‘Arth Ganga’, a sustainable development model which concentrates on economic activities related to Ganga:
    • Sustainable agriculture practices should be encouraged among the farmers.
    • Priorities should be given to the self-help groups and the ex-servicemen organizations for the programmes in the alignment.

Check out this article on UNCLOS for UPSC IAS Exam here!

Ganga Action Plan

The Ganga Action Plan came into effect in 1986 with the aim of reducing pollution in the river Ganga and improving the quality of its water. It also envisaged intersecting, diverting, and treating the domestic sewage and also preventing industrial toxicity and chemical waste from entering the river. This plan was seen as a failure as it was marred by rampant corruption.

Also, check out the article on West flowing rivers in India here.

National Mission For Clean Ganga (NMCG)

The National Mission for Clean Ganga in the 36th executive committee approved some new projects for the rejuvenation of six rivers in Uttarakhand. This project will cover the 6 polluted river stretches in the Kumaon Region.

  • The National Mission for Clean Ganga was registered at the society on 12th August 2011 under the Societies Registration Act of 1860.
  • NMCG also acted as the implementation arm of the National Ganga River Basin Authority, which was constituted under the provisions of the Environment Protection Act (EPA), 1986.
  • The operational area of the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) comprises the Ganges Basin and all states through which the river flows, including Delhi.
  • The objective of the National Mission for Clean Ganga is to reduce pollution and ensure the rejuvenation of the Ganga River.
  • NGRBA was dissolved with effect on 7th October 2016, consequent to the constitution of the National Ganga Council for rejuvenation, protection, and management of the River Ganga, which is particularly to be referred to as the NGC.

Check out this article on OPEC here for the UPSC IAS Exam.

National Ganga Council (NGC): UPSC Previous Year Question

Consider the following statements regarding environmental issues in India: [CSE 2001]

  • The Gulf of Mannar is one of the biosphere reserves
  • The Ganga Action Plan, phase II, has been merged with the National River Conservation Plan.
  • The National Museum of Natural History in New Delhi imparts non-formal education in environment and conservation
  • Environmental Information System (ENVIS) acts as a decentralized information network for environmental information.

Which of these statements is correct?

(a) 1, 2 and 4

(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4

(c) 2 and 3

(d) 1, 3 and 4

Which of the following are the key features of the ‘National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)’? [CSE 2016]

  • The River basin is the unit of planning and management.
  • It spearheads river conservation efforts at the national level.
  • One of the Chief Ministers of the States through which the Ganga flows becomes the Chairman of NGRBA on a rotation basis.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Check out the test series for UPSC IAS Exam here.

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National Ganga Council (NGC) FAQs

The National Ganga Council (NGC) is the "National Council for Rejuvenation, Protection and Management of river Ganga". NGC was formed under the river Ganga Rejuvenation, Protection and Management Authorities order 2016. The order dissolved the National Ganga River Basin (NGRBA) and replaced it with the National Ganga Council (NGC).

The aims and objectives of the National Ganga Council are given below: National Ganga Council ensures effective control of the pollution and the Rejuvenation of the River Ganga by adopting a River Basin approach to promote the intersectoral coordination for the comprehensive planning and the management. National Ganga Council also maintains the minimum ecological flows in the River Ganga with the objective to ensure water quality and environmentally sustainable development.

The functions of the National Ganga Council are given below: National Ganga Council implements the National Ganga River Basin Authority Programme, which is backed by the World Bank.It takes all appropriate actions that are consistent with the National Mission for Clean Ganga Council (NMCG) goals.NGC also has a responsibility of creating and modifying the regulations that govern the operation of NMCG.It accounts and distributes grants money, loan security or property that must be managed and maintained.

The Ganga Action plan came into effect in 1986 with the aim of reducing pollution in the river Ganga and improving the quality of its water. It also envisaged intersecting, diverting and treating the domestic sewage and also preventing industrial toxicity and chemical waste from entering the river.

The jurisdiction of the National Ganga Council (NGC) shall extend to the state which consists of the River Ganga basin namely Himachal Pradesh, U.P, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Haryana and the Delhi-NCR and any other states which have major tributaries of the river Ganga.
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