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Home / IAS Preparation / Mizo Accord

Mizo Accord - Background, Reason For Signing, Deliverables From MNF & Central Government

Last Updated on Aug 25, 2023
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The Mizo Accord was signed by the Government of India and the Mizo National Front (MNF) on June 30, 1986, to end the long history of violence and insurgency that started way back in 1966. This accord brought much-needed peace and stability to the region. This day, i.e., June 30, 1986, has been celebrated as Renma Ni in the state and declared a public holiday.

The topic of the Mizo Accord is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination, and it falls under the General Studies Paper 2 (Mains), particularly under the Indian Polity and Governance section. For further information and an explanation, visit UPSC CSE Coaching here!\

In this article, we shall discuss the Mizo Accord and the reason behind its signing of the Mizo Accord. We will also have an insight into the deliverables of both the Central and the State governments and the aftermath of the signing of the accord.

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What is Mizo Accord?

The Mizo Accord, also known as the Mizoram Accord, is a peace agreement signed between the Government of India and the Mizo National Front (MNF) on June 30, 1986. The accord aimed to end the decades-long insurgency and unrest in Mizoram, India. The agreement led to the establishment of peace and the integration of Mizo rebel forces into the mainstream political process. As a result of the accord, Mizoram became a peaceful and stable state within the Indian Union, and the MNF formed the state government. The Mizo Accord played a significant role in resolving the political and ethnic issues that had troubled Mizoram for years.

Background of Mizo Accord

  • Bangladesh borders Mizoram in the East and Myanmar in the South. The North state is bordered by Tripura in the Northwest, while the States of Assam and Manipur border to the north. The total population of Mizoram is about 9 lakh, and it covers a total area of 21,087 square kilometres.
  • In 1959, Mizoram, then a part of Assam, suffered a famine called Mautam Famine.
  • The major reason behind the famine was the flowering of bamboo which resulted in a boom in the population of rats. The increase in rat numbers led to the devastation of crops and houses, leading to the rise of plague cases in the state. This famine resulted in a loss of the livelihood of the Mizo.
  • Against the backdrop of this incident, the Mizo Cultural Society, formed in 1955, changed to ‘Mautam Front’ in 1960. This party took the lead in demanding relief for the affected villagers and garnered society's attention.
  • This Party, in 1961, dropped the word “famine” and organised as Mizo National Front (MNF) with a larger aim of gaining independence for Greater Mizoram, which led to incidents of insurgency in the region for 20 years as the Party resorted to acts of violence with arms and ammunitions delivered from China and Pakistan.
  • The MNF aimed to create a larger state of Greater Mizoram and sought independence from India. Determined to achieve its goal, it launched Operation Jericho on February 28, 1966. This saw 1500 MNF cadres running, which declared unilateral independence. This led to outlawing of the organisation by the Government in 1967.
  • However, a delegation from the party met the Prime Minister in 1971, which demanded a full-fledged state for the Mizo people. The government, agreeing to the party's demands, made Mizoram a Union Territory in 1972.
  • Further, in 1972, an agreement was reached between the central government and the MNF that resulted in the signing of the Mizo Accord in 1986 to end insurgency in the region. On signing of the accord, then MNF President Laldenga was elected as the state's chief minister.

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What is MNF?

The Mizo National Front was a regional party formed under the leadership of Laldenga from the erstwhile Mizo Famine National Front in 1961. The main objective of the party was to gain independence for Greater Mizoram.

Why is the Mizo Accord Signed?

The Mizo accord was signed to bring about an end to the incidents of insurgency and violence that had been recurrent since the 1960s. The accord aimed to end the violence, restore peace, and integrate the MNF and its supporters into the mainstream political process. It was intended to provide a framework for resolving the political and ethnic issues causing instability in Mizoram. The signing of the Mizo Accord marked a significant step towards achieving peace and stability in the region. It also aimed to uphold the framework of the Indian Constitution.

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Deliverables from MNF on Mizo Accord
  • The MNF was required to bring out all of the underground MNF personnel equipped with weapons and equipment in a predetermined time.
  • To continue their normal lives, this MNF personnel is in the underground.
  • The MNF Party agrees to ensure the return of all MNF underground members to civil society, to refrain from violence, to bring out all MNF underground members with their weapons, ammunition, and other equipment within the time limit provided, and to generally assist in the process of bringing things back to normal in Mizoram.
  • In Mizoram, things will return to normal.
  • The central government will be in charge of all the actions above.
  • Weapons, ammunition, and other equipment shall be placed after all underground personnel have been brought out by established protocol.
  • The MNF party is responsible for taking the necessary steps to update its articles of association to meet the requirements of the law.
  • MNF will amend its articles of association to comply with Indian legal requirements.
  • Tripura National Volunteer (TNV), People's Liberation Army of Manipur (PLA), and other similar organisations shall not receive MNF funding.

Deliverables from the Central Government on Mizo Accord
  • To offer MNF underground personnel resettlement in line with the plan put forward by the Mizoram government.
  • The government would take action to grant the Mizoram UT statehood.
  • The government must revise specific provisions to implement legal and administrative reforms.
  • The proper funding would be provided to the incoming Mizorami government to close the revenue gap.
  • Under a plan that the central government will develop, border commerce in agricultural products produced or grown locally may be permitted, subject to international agreements with neighbouring countries.
  • With the state's authorization, the inner line rule can be changed.
  • The State shall have the flexibility to choose which language. If it wishes to use it for all or some of its official purposes, the provisions of Part XVII of the Constitution shall apply.
  • Establishing a separate university in the State may proceed as long as the State adheres to the rules.
  • In light of the Prime Minister's Speech at the Joint Conference of the Chief Justices. Chief Minister and Law Ministers held in New Delhi on August 31, 1985. Mizoram would be permitted to have its own High Court if it so chooses

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Aftermath of Mizo Accord

The signing of the Mizo peace Accord brought peace and development to Mizoram. The MNF refrained from using arms and ammunition when the accord was signed. All cadres of MNF were rehabilitated post-signing of the accord. There was the suspension of militant operations in other states as well. The faithfulness of MNF in abiding by the terms of the agreement remains one of the reasons for the legacy of the accord remaining alive to this date. Of all the accords signed by the Government of India, the Mizo accord stood the test of time and resulted in a stronger state's emergence.

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Facts about Mizo Accord for UPSC

The facts about Mizo Accord are mentioned in the table below.

Particulars

Details

Signed in

1986

Parties to the Agreement

Government of India and Mizo National Front

Reason for signing of Accord

To bring an end to insurgency and violence in the state of Mizoram

Day Commemorated in history

The day of signing of accord is celebrated as Rengma Ni

Concluding Remarks

The Mizo peace accord has done miracles in how it has ushered in peace in the region by bringing together the Indian community in general and the Mizo community in particular. Apart from bringing peace, it also led to stability in the state's history.

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Mizo Accord FAQs

The Mizo Accord was signed on June 30, 1986.

The Mizo Accord was signed between the Government of India and the Mizo National Front leader Laldenga.

Post signing of the Mizo Accord, Mizoram became the 23rd state of India.

Remna Ni is celebrated to commemorate the signing of the Mizo accord.

The Mizo National Front was formed in 1961 from the erstwhile Mizo Famine National Front.
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