Who among the following was the first British Commissioner of Kumaon? 

The correct answer is Edward Gardner.

Key Points

• Edward Gardner was appointed as the first British Commissioner of Kumaon in 1815 after the British annexed Kumaon from the Gorkhas during the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816).
• As Commissioner, Gardner was tasked with establishing British rule, administering justice, and promoting economic development in the Kumaon region.
• He implemented reforms to improve governance and facilitated the settlement of disputes in a region that had faced significant political and social upheaval under Gorkha rule.
• Edward Gardner’s tenure marked the beginning of the British administrative system in Kumaon, laying the groundwork for the region's integration into British India.
• Gardner’s administration was succeeded by George William Trail, who further consolidated British governance in Kumaon.

Additional Information

• Kumaon Region:
  • Kumaon is a region in the present-day Indian state of Uttarakhand, known for its scenic beauty and cultural heritage.
  • It was annexed by the British East India Company after the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816) through the Treaty of Sugauli.
  • The region includes districts such as Almora, Nainital, and Pithoragarh.
• Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816):
  • This conflict was fought between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Nepal.
  • The war ended with the Treaty of Sugauli, which resulted in Nepal ceding territories, including Kumaon and Garhwal, to the British.
• British Administration in Kumaon:
  • The British introduced administrative and judicial reforms to bring stability to the region.
  • Kumaon was governed directly under British officials, with a focus on land revenue collection and development.
• George William Trail:
  • He succeeded Edward Gardner as Commissioner of Kumaon and served from 1816 to 1835.
  • Trail is remembered for his detailed land revenue settlements and contributions to the region’s socio-economic development.