Which of the following is a unique identification mark of every human?

The correct answer is Fingerprints.

Key Points

• Fingerprints are formed by unique patterns of ridges and valleys on the skin of human fingers, making them distinct for every individual.
• Even identical twins, who share the same DNA, have different fingerprints, highlighting their uniqueness.
• Fingerprints are developed during the fetal stage and remain unchanged throughout a person’s life unless damaged by injury or disease.
• They are widely used in biometric identification, security systems, and forensic investigations due to their reliability and uniqueness.
• Automated systems like Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) are used globally for criminal identification and background checks.

Additional Information

• Dermatoglyphics:
  • It is the scientific study of the patterns of ridges and lines on the fingers, palms, toes, and soles of humans.
  • These patterns are categorized into three basic types: loops, whorls, and arches.
• Biometric Authentication:
  • Biometric systems use fingerprints as a secure and accurate method of identity verification.
  • It is widely used in applications such as smartphones, Aadhaar-based services in India, and border security.
• Fingerprint Formation:
  • Fingerprint ridges are formed between the 13th and 19th weeks of gestation in the womb.
  • The formation is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as pressure and movement inside the womb.
• Forensic Applications:
  • Fingerprints are a critical tool in crime scene investigations for identifying suspects or victims.
  • Latent fingerprints, which are invisible to the naked eye, are lifted using techniques like dusting or chemical fuming.