Which of the following factors affect distribution of population?

I. Climate

II. Soil

III. Topography

IV. Water

The correct answer is I, II, III, and IV.Key Points

• Factors like climate, soil, topography, and water affect the distribution of population. 
• Climate:
  • The climate of a region plays a significant role in determining the distribution of population.
  • People tend to settle in areas with moderate temperatures, adequate rainfall, and comfortable living conditions.
  • Harsh climatic conditions such as extreme cold or hot weather, frequent natural calamities like floods, hurricanes, or droughts, can make an area unsuitable for human habitation.
• Soil:
  • The fertility of soil determines the type of crops that can be grown in an area, which in turn influences the settlement patterns of people.
  • Areas with fertile soil and suitable climate are likely to have a higher population density as they can support agriculture and other related industries.
• Topography:
  • Topography refers to the physical features of the land, such as mountains, valleys, plains, and plateaus.
  • People are more likely to settle in areas with flat land and easy accessibility to water and other resources.
• Mountainous regions may have a lower population density due to the difficulty in transportation and limited space for agriculture.
• Water:
  • Water is a critical resource for human survival, and its availability determines the distribution of population.
  • People tend to settle near water sources like rivers, lakes, and oceans, as they provide a source of drinking water, irrigation, and transportation.
  • Areas with limited water resources may have a lower population density.