Which component of a commercial electrical installation is responsible for protection against electrical overloads and short circuits?  

The correct answer is option 4: Electrical panels or switchgear.

Explanation:

• Electrical panels, commonly known as distribution boards or switchgear, play a crucial role in safeguarding commercial electrical installations.
• They house circuit breakers or fuses designed to protect the system from electrical overloads and short circuits.
• These protective devices automatically interrupt the circuit when they detect excessive current, preventing damage to equipment, fire hazards, and ensuring the safety of the installation.
• While power sockets, lighting systems, and HVAC systems are essential components of an electrical installation, it is the electrical panels that specifically address protection against overloads and short circuits.