The first wave of CBT primarily focused on:

The correct answer is: Directly changing observable behaviors

The first wave of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is primarily associated with behavior therapy. This approach emphasizes the modification of observable behaviors through various techniques and principles derived from learning theories, such as classical and operant conditioning.

Key Points

• Behavior Therapy:
  • Behavior therapy emerged in the 1950s and 1960s, focusing on the principles of learning theories.
  • It involves techniques like systematic desensitization, exposure therapy, and reinforcement schedules to modify maladaptive behaviors.
  • Practitioners such as B.F. Skinner and Joseph Wolpe were instrumental in developing this approach.
  • The emphasis is on empirical evidence and measurable changes in behavior.

Additional Information

• Cognitive restructuring:
  • This is a key component of the second wave of CBT, which emerged in the 1970s and 1980s.
  • It involves identifying and challenging irrational or maladaptive thoughts, and replacing them with more realistic and positive ones.
  • Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis were pioneers in developing cognitive therapy and rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), respectively.
  • Cognitive restructuring is crucial for addressing the cognitive distortions that contribute to psychological disorders.
• Mindfulness and acceptance:
  • These concepts are central to the third wave of CBT, which includes approaches like Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
  • Mindfulness involves being present and fully engaged in the current moment, without judgment.
  • Acceptance entails embracing thoughts and feelings without trying to change them, which can help reduce their impact.
  • Steven Hayes and Marsha Linehan are notable figures in the development of these therapies.
• Interpersonal relationships:
  • This is more aligned with Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), which is distinct from traditional CBT.
  • IPT focuses on improving interpersonal functioning and is used to treat depression and other mood disorders.
  • It emphasizes the role of social relationships in psychological well-being.
  • While CBT can address interpersonal issues, it is not the primary focus of the first wave of CBT.