Match correctly the items of Column I with the items of Column II

 

Column I

 

Column II

(A)

Ontology

(i)

Ideographic

(B)

Epistemology

(ii)

Realism

(C)

Methodology

(iii)

Survey

(D)

Method

(iv)

Positivism

Choose the correct option from those given below: 

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  1. (A) - (ii), (B) - (iv), (C) - (iii), (D) - (i)
  2. (A) - (ii), (B) - (i), (C) - (iii), (D) - (iv)
  3. (A) - (iv), (B) - (ii), (C) - (i), (D) - (iii)
  4. (A) - (ii), (B) - (iv), (C) - (i), (D) - (iii)

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : (A) - (ii), (B) - (iv), (C) - (i), (D) - (iii)
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Detailed Solution

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Ontology:

  • Ontology is the philosophical study of being.
  • It is a branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being.
  • The word realism is related to ontology because realism means the attitude or practise of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it.

Epistemology:

  • Epistemology is the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, scope, and the distinction between justified belief and opinion. 
  • Positivism is related to epistemology as it means genuine knowledge, it should be based on observation and advanced by experiment.
  • In the social sciences, positivism is associated with three assumptions.
  • First, that knowledge should be founded on experience alone.
  • Secondly, the belief that the methods of natural sciences are directly applicable to the social world and on the basis of its laws about social phenomena can be established.
  • Thirdly the principle that normative statements do not have the status of knowledge. 

Methodology:

  • The methodology is a system or method used in a particular area or field of study. 
  • The ideographic approach often uses qualitative methodologies in its study of a small number of individuals rather than making generalizations out of information collected from a large quantitative database. 

Method​:

  • Survey methods study the in-depth sampling of individual units from a population and analyzing data collection techniques on that sample and making decisions on the basis of that survey study.

Hence:

 

Column I

 

Column II

(A)

Ontology

(i)

Realism

(B)

Epistemology

(ii)

Positivism

(C)

Methodology

(iii)

Ideographic

(D)

Method

(iv)

Survey

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