Iodine deficiency in adults could result in:

Question

Question

This question was previously asked in

MP Mahila Supervisor Official Paper (Held on: 28 Mar, 2017 Shift 1)

Answer 1

Correct Answer: Goiter with its complications

Rationale:

Iodine is an essential trace element required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. A deficiency in iodine can lead to insufficient production of these hormones, which in turn affects the thyroid gland.
Goiter refers to the enlargement of the thyroid gland. This condition arises as the gland attempts to compensate for the low hormone levels by growing larger to trap more iodine.
Complications of goiter can include difficulty breathing or swallowing, hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), depending on the body's response to the enlargement and hormone levels.

Explanation of Other Options:

Coronary artery disease

Rationale: Coronary artery disease is primarily caused by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart. It is not directly linked to iodine deficiency but rather to risk factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking.

Dyslipidemia

Rationale: Dyslipidemia refers to an abnormal amount of lipids (e.g., cholesterol, triglycerides) in the blood. This condition is usually connected to dietary habits, lifestyle choices, and genetic factors, rather than iodine deficiency.

Megaloblastic anemia

Rationale: Megaloblastic anemia is a type of anemia characterized by the presence of unusually large, structurally abnormal, immature red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow. It is commonly caused by deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folate, not iodine.

Conclusion:

Iodine deficiency primarily affects the thyroid gland, leading to goiter and its associated complications. The other conditions listed (coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, and megaloblastic anemia) are not directly related to iodine levels but are influenced by other dietary, genetic, and lifestyle factors.