In distribution pipes, drain valves are provided at 

Explanation:

Drain Valve

• Purpose: Used to empty water from pipelines during maintenance, repair, or when the system is not in use.

• Location: Installed at the lowest point in the distribution network or pipeline stretch to allow complete drainage.

• Operation: Opened manually or automatically to release stored water, especially in long pipe sections or dead ends.

• Use in Flushing: Helps in removing accumulated silt, debris, and stagnated water, ensuring water quality and hygiene.

 Additional Information Air Valve

• Purpose: Removes trapped air from pipelines or allows air entry during pipeline emptying to prevent vacuum formation.

• Types:

  • Air release valves – For releasing air under pressure.

  • Air/vacuum valves – Allow air inflow/outflow during filling or emptying.

• Location: Installed at high points in the pipeline where air naturally accumulates.

• Importance: Prevents air locking, pipe bursts, and flow interruptions, ensuring smooth water conveyance.

Sluice Valve (Gate Valve)

• Purpose: Used to control the flow of water by fully opening or closing the pipeline; not used for flow regulation.

• Location: Placed at strategic points such as junctions, branch connections, or at intervals to isolate sections.

• Design: Contains a gate-like disc that slides up/down perpendicular to flow direction.

• Functionality: Allows isolation of damaged sections for maintenance without disrupting the entire system.