Consider the following statements:

1. Terracotta models of the plough have been found at sites in Cholistan and at Banawali (Haryana).

2. There is evidence of a ploughed field at Kalibangan associated with the mature phase of the Harappan civilization.

3. The ploughed field at Kalibangan had two sets of furrows crossing at right angles to each other suggesting two different crops were grown together in it.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.

Key Points

• Banawali is situated on the left bank of the dry bed of the Saraswati River in Fatehabad, Haryana.
  • Excavations have yielded a threefold culture sequence: Pre-Harappan (Early-Harappan), Harappan and Bara (Post-Harappan).
  • Terracotta models of plow have been found in Cholistan and Banavali (Haryana). Hence statement 1 is correct. 
• Evidence of plowed fields has been found in Kalibanga.
  • Trenches discovered in the pre-Harappan phase at Kalibangan (Rajasthan) show that fields were plowed during this period.
  • The Harappans probably used wooden plows drawn by oxen and camels.
  • Archaeological excavations at Kalibangan, one of the Harappan sites, have revealed evidence of a ploughed field, providing insights into agricultural practices during the mature phase of the Harappan civilization.
  • The presence of two sets of furrows at right angles in the ploughed field at Kalibangan suggests a form of crop rotation or mixed cropping, indicating advanced agricultural practices.
  • Hence statements 2 and 3 are correct.