Zoology MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Zoology - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Parasites.

Key Points

• A parasite is an organism that survives in or on another species, usually at the expense of its host.
  • A parasite is a plant or an animal that lives on, or with, or inside a larger species extracting nutrients.
  • In some cases, the parasite can harm the host and in other situations, it is completely harmless. There are three types of parasites namely-
    • Ectoparasites
    • Endoparasites
    • Mesoparasites.

Additional Information

• Ectoparasites include parasites that survive outside the host and induce itching and rashes in that area.
• Endoparasites include parasites that survive inside the body of the host, usually in bloodstreams, muscles, digestive system and so on.
• Mesoparasites include parasites that enter the host through an opening of the body and embed themselves partially on the host.
• Parasitic infections can be caused by a wide variety of organisms – from protozoa, and helminths to arthropods. For instance, giardia is an intestinal infection caused by the giardia parasite.

The correct answer is Vitamin A.

• Golden Rice contains a high amount of  Vitamin A.

Key Points

• Golden Rice is intended to produce a fortified food to be grown and consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary Vitamin A.
• It was claimed to be able to fight vitamin A deficiency, which is the leading cause of blindness among children and can also lead to death due to diseases like measles.
• It is developed through genetic engineering and produces two new enzymes that complete the beta-carotene expression in the rice grain.
• Golden rice is a genetically modified biofortified crop.
• It is genetically modified in order to produce beta carotene, which is not normally produced in rice.
• Beta carotene is converted into Vitamin A when metabolized by the human body.
• Biofortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value.
• This can be done either through conventional selective breeding or genetic engineering.​
• Vitamin A is also known as Retinol.

Additional Information

• Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is good for healthy vision, skin, bones, and other tissues in the body.
  • Sources of Vitamin A-
    • Milk, Meat, Cheese, Liver, Halibut fish oil, cream, and kidneys.
• Vitamin B is a water-soluble vitamin
  • The deficiency of Vitamin B leads to Beri Beri.
• Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid.
  • It is a water-soluble vitamin.
  • Vitamin C deficiency leads to Scurvy disease.
• ​Vitamin D is also known as Cholecalciferol.
  • It is a fat-soluble vitamin.
  • The deficiency of Vitamin D leads to Rickets and osteomalacia.

The correct answer is the simple squamous epithelium.

• Simple squamous epithelium tissue makes up the inner lining of our mouth.

Key Points

• Simple squamous epithelium:
  • ​It is a single layer of flat scale-shaped cells.
  • This tissue makes up the inner lining of the mouth and blood vessels.
  • It also makes the mesothelial lining of the body cavities.

Additional Information

• Ciliated columnar epithelium tissues are found in the fallopian tube and parts of the respiratory system.
• Stratified squamous epithelium tissues are found in the organ system where the body comes into close contact with the outside environment 
• Columnar epithelium tissues are found in the stomach and intestines.

The Correct answer is Bajra.

Key Points

• Bajra, also known as pearl millet, is considered a nutri-cereal due to its high nutritional value.
• It is rich in protein, fiber, and essential minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and potassium.
• Being a gluten-free grain, Bajra is an excellent option for individuals with gluten intolerance or celiac disease.
• It is well-suited for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions due to its high drought resistance.
• India is one of the largest producers of Bajra, particularly in states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra.
• Bajra is a key component of traditional diets in many parts of India and is used to make dishes like Bajra roti, khichdi, and porridge.
• The Government of India promotes the cultivation and consumption of nutri-cereals like Bajra as part of its initiatives to ensure food security and nutritional health.
• It is also known to have several health benefits, including improving digestion, aiding in weight management, and controlling blood sugar levels.

Additional Information

• Wheat
  • Wheat is a staple cereal grain that is widely consumed across the world.
  • It is rich in carbohydrates and serves as a major source of energy in many diets.
  • However, wheat is not categorized as a nutri-cereal as it lacks the higher nutritional density found in grains like Bajra, Ragi, or Jowar.
  • Wheat cultivation is prominent in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh in India.
• Rice
  • Rice is another staple food grain, particularly in Asia, and is a primary carbohydrate source.
  • While rice is highly nutritious in its unpolished or brown form, the polished white variety lacks the nutrient density of nutri-cereals like Bajra.
  • India is the second-largest producer of rice globally after China.
  • Rice cultivation requires a significant amount of water and is grown in regions with high rainfall or availability of irrigation.
• Sugarcane
  • Sugarcane is not a cereal but a tropical crop grown primarily for the production of sugar, jaggery, and ethanol.
  • India is one of the largest producers of sugarcane, particularly in states like Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka.
  • It is a water-intensive crop and has limited nutritional value compared to nutri-cereals.

The Correct answer is Help in digestion and bowel movement.

Key Points

• Dietary fibres, also known as roughage, are plant-derived substances that cannot be digested or absorbed by the human digestive system.
• The primary role of dietary fibres is to aid in digestion by promoting regular bowel movements and preventing constipation.
• They add bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass through the digestive tract, which is crucial for maintaining gut health.
• Dietary fibres are found in foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts.
• There are two types of dietary fibres: soluble fibres (which dissolve in water and can help lower cholesterol and regulate blood sugar levels) and insoluble fibres (which do not dissolve in water and help move food through the digestive system).
• Consuming sufficient dietary fibres is associated with a reduced risk of digestive disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diverticulitis, and colorectal cancer.
• Regular intake of dietary fibres can help maintain a healthy weight by promoting a feeling of fullness and reducing overeating.

Additional Information

• Provide energy
  • Energy is primarily provided by macronutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, not dietary fibres.
  • While dietary fibres are part of carbohydrate-rich foods, they do not contribute calories as they are not digested by the body.
• Build muscles
  • Muscle building is a function of proteins, which are made up of amino acids.
  • Foods rich in proteins, such as meat, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and nuts, are essential for muscle development, not dietary fibres.
• Strengthen bones
  • Bone health is primarily supported by calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus, not dietary fibres.
  • Foods like milk, cheese, yogurt, and leafy green vegetables are rich in calcium and contribute to strong bones.

An earthworm is a tube-shaped, segmented worm found in the phylum Annelida. They are commonly found living in soil, feeding on live and dead organic matter.

The correct answer is jointed legs.

Arthropoda - 

• The word ‘arthropod’ means ‘jointed legs’.
• Ex: houseflies, spiders, scorpions, prawns, butterflies and crabs.

The Hierarchy of Classification of living organisms - 

• Living organisms are classified into five kingdoms, by Whittaker, i.e. 
  • ​Kingdom Monera,
  • Kingdom Protista,
  • Kingdom Fungi,
  • Kingdom Plantae,
  • Kingdom Animalia.
• Further classification is done by the following scheme: Kingdom, Phylum (for animals) / Division (for plants), Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
• Kingdom Animalia is further classified based on the extent and type of the body design differentiation found, as below:

The correct answer is Arthropoda.

Key Points

• Arthropoda is a group of invertebrate animals having an exoskeleton, a segmented body and jointed legs.
• Their body consists of segments with a pair of appendages.
• Their reproduction occurs by internal fertilization (terrestrial species) and internal or external fertilization (aquatic species).
• They have an open circulatory system.
• Types of Arthropods –
  • Insects: Ants, Aphids, Butterflies, Grasshoppers, Termites, and etc.
  • Arachnids: Scorpion, Mites, Spiders
  • Crustacean: Crabs, Fish, Lobsters, Shrimp, and etc.
• Their evolution dates back to the Cambrian period.
• They are a source of food for humans.
• They are pollinators of crops.
• Some species spread diseases to humans, livestock, and crops.
• Largest phylum of invertebrate animals.

Additional Information

• Mollusca – 2nd largest phylum of invertebrate animals mostly found in marine and freshwater having the soft body divided into head, visceral mass, muscular foot, and mantle. Examples: Snail, Octopus, Squid, Oyster, Clams, and etc.
• Nematoda: bilaterally symmetrical, elongate and tapered at both ends; an important role in nutrient recycling in the soil feed. They cause diseases such as Ascariasis, Enterobiasis, Filariasis, and etc. Examples: Ascarids, Worms
• Echinodermata: marine animals having a star-like appearance, Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata) are a diverse, exclusively marine group of invertebrates.
  • Examples: Starfish, Sea urchins, Crinoids, etc.

• All arthropods lay eggs except Scorpion who directly give birth to young.

Popular species of Arthropods

The correct answer is Mollusca.

Key Points

• Cuttlefish or cuttles are marine Molluscs of the Phylum Mollusca, Class Cephalopoda, Subclass Coleoids, Order Sepiida, Kingdom Animalia. 
• Examples of Molluscs are squid, octopuses, colossal squid, gastropods (snails and slugs), etc. 

Additional Information

• Echinodermata examples are starfish, sea urchins, crinoids, brittle stars, etc. 
• Annelida examples are earthworms, leech, Clitellata, polychaete, etc. 
• Pisces examples are bluefish, goldfish, guppy, common carp, etc. 

Rod-shaped is the correct answer.

• Bacteria exist in a variety of forms, mainly spherical, rod-shaped and spiral-shaped.
• Rod-shaped Bacillus: bacilli
• Spherical Coccus: cocci
• Comma-shaped Vibrium: vibrio
• Spiral Spirillum: spirilla

Animals from class Aves are warm-blooded.

• Aves class represents birds and their characteristic features are feathers, a beak, and the forelimbs are modified into wings.
• They are warm-blooded animals i.e. they will be able to maintain constant body temperature.

The correct answer is Ant

Key Points

​When considering brain-to-body size ratio (encephalization quotient), ants have a remarkably large brain relative to their body size. While humans have large brains and are known for their significant cognitive abilities, when looking purely at the proportion of brain size to body size, ants have one of the highest ratios.

• Ants: Ants have a very high brain-to-body size ratio. Their brains can make up about 6% of their body mass, which is significant.
• Humans: Humans also have a high brain-to-body ratio compared to most animals, but not as high as ants.
• Dolphins: Dolphins have large, complex brains with a high encephalization quotient, but the brain relative to body size is not as high as that of ants or humans.
• Elephants: Elephants have large brains, but their ratio of brain size to body size is lower compared to humans, dolphins, and especially ants.

The correct answer is Peacock.

Key Points

• Peacock has a four-chambered heart.
• Peacock is the national bird of India and its scientific name is Pavo cristatus.
• Taxonomy of Peacock:
  • Kingdom: Animalia
  • Phylum: Chordata
  • Subphylum: Vertebrata  
  • Superclass: Tetrapoda   
  • Class: Aves   
  • Order: Galliformes
  • Family: Phasianidae
  • Genus: Pavo
  • Species: cristatus

Additional Information

• The frog belongs to the class Amphibia and has a characteristic three-chambered heart with 2 auricles and 1 ventricle.
• Fishes have a two-chambered heart. 
• Sea horses have a two-chambered heart

Concept: 

Cold-blooded animals:

• Cold-blooded animals are animals that are not capable of regulating their body’s temperature according to the temperature of the surrounding.
• They do not have a constant body temperature.
• Cold-blooded animals include reptiles, amphibians, fishes, insects, and other invertebrates.
• These animals are also called poikilothermic animals.

Warm-blooded animals:

• Warm-blooded animals are the animals that are capable of maintaining a nearly constant body temperature irrespective of the temperature of the environment.
• Their body temperature remains the same as they move from one surrounding to another.
• The temperature control is mostly obtained by regulating their metabolic rates.
• Warm-blooded animals include birds and mammals.
• These animals are also called homeothermic animals.

Explanation:

Shark:

• Sharks don’t fit the criteria for mammals in the most important respects.
• They don’t produce milk, they don’t have hair, and most of them are cold-blooded.
• The only characteristic they share with mammals is that some shark species give live birth.
• They belong to the class Chondrichthyes and not Mammalia.

​Thus, the shark is a cold blooded animal.

Important PointsWhale:

• Whale belongs to the class Mammalia.
• The whale is a mammal, not a fish, hence it is warm-blooded.
• It is classified under the Phylum Chordata.
• Whales give birth to live offspring (whereas fish hatch their young from eggs), and feed their young (called calves) on milk produced by the female's own body. 

Eagle: Is a bird, so warm-blooded.

Kangaroo: Is a mammal so warm-blooded.​

Additional Information

Mammalia:

• The class Mammalia includes a huge number of animals.
• All mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates whose offspring drink milk.

Characteristics:

• They give live birth: 
  • Mammals are viviparous, which means they give birth to live young.
  • The exceptions to this rule are monotremes, which are mammals that lay eggs.
  • The platypus and echidna are monotremes.
• They produce milk: 
  • Infant mammals require their mother’s milk in the first weeks or months of their lives.
  • All-female mammals have mammary glands that allow them to nurse their young.
• Mammals breathe air through their lungs: 
  • Even underwater mammals use their lungs to breathe.
• They have hair or fur: 
  • All mammals have fur or hair.
  • Some marine mammals are the exception to this rule.
• They are vertebrates: 
  • All mammals have a backbone. 
  • Amphibians, fish and reptiles also have backbones, but they lack the other characteristics of mammals.
• Mammals are warm-blooded: 
  • Which means they maintain an even body temperature.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Epithelial Tissue.

Key Points

• Adipose Tissue:
  • The tissue that stores all the fat of the human body is called 'adipose tissue'. 
  • It is a loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes.
• Epithelial Tissue:
  • They cover all the outer surfaces of the body.
  • They are the first line of protection from any physical or chemical damage.
  • The outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis is an example of this tissue.
• Muscular tissue:
  • It is a soft tissue that connects the muscles of the body and has the ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts.
• Areolar tissue:
  • It is loose connective tissue. 
  • It acts as a reservoir of water and salts for surrounding tissues.